HIPOTECALC ANALYTICS / IHEC
Home purchase effort in Spain · Q1 2025
How many estimated annual household incomes an 80 m² home costs at asking prices. A comparable measure across 100 Spanish municipalities.
By Equipo Hipotecalc · Published 8 September 2026
Source cutoff: 7 September 2026 · Edition 2026-09-07-v1 · Methodology 1.0
Retrospective report for Q1 2025, published on 8 September 2026 using data available at the 7 September 2026 cutoff. It was not published in the quarter analysed.
- Sample median
- 3.99× Annual household incomes · Q1 2025
- Quarterly change
- +2.7 % Q4 2024
- Annual change
- +5.9 % Same quarter, previous year
- Municipalities
- 100 Fixed sample, population 2025
The quarter in context
In Q1 2025, the median IHEC across the fixed sample of 100 municipalities was 3.99. Half of the municipal observations lie on either side of the median. It is a summary of this sample, not the average effort of Spanish households. The index divides a reference asking price for 80 m² by estimated annual household income.
Marbella recorded the highest ratio (10.77), followed by Arona (9.18) and Fuengirola (8.99). At the other end, Lorca recorded 2.35. The difference between the highest and lowest ratios was 8.42 annual income multiples.
What changed from the previous quarter
Compared with Q4 2024, the sample median changed by +2.7 %. The index increased in 84 municipalities and decreased in 16. These counts describe changes in a modelled price-income ratio, not changes in the number of households able to buy.
The largest quarterly change was in Alcobendas: +8.5 %, with an index of 3.94. The same national income factor applies across the sample; differences in municipal changes therefore reflect their different asking-price paths. They do not demonstrate locally observed income growth.
Compared with the same quarter a year earlier, the median changed by +5.9 %. This is the change in the median, not the median of individual municipal changes.
How to interpret these results
The reference home has the same floor area in every municipality, but not necessarily the same quality, location or characteristics. Prices are asking prices and the income denominator is estimated. The index excludes financing, taxes and living costs. No causal conclusion about policy, tourism, employment or mortgage rates follows from this ranking alone.
Full quarterly ranking
Click a column heading to sort. The arrow indicates the direction; ranks stay unchanged.
| 1 | Marbella | 10.77 | -0.4 % | +8.4 % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Arona | 9.18 | +3.2 % | +7.4 % |
| 3 | Fuengirola | 8.99 | +2.3 % | +12.4 % |
| 4 | Madrid | 8.63 | +4.8 % | +20.5 % |
| 5 | Donostia/San Sebastián | 8.61 | +1.8 % | +4.5 % |
| 6 | Estepona | 8.52 | -0.2 % | +5.9 % |
| 7 | Benalmádena | 8.00 | +0.9 % | +12.3 % |
| 8 | Palma | 7.92 | +3.4 % | +10.6 % |
| 9 | Barcelona | 7.55 | +2.6 % | +8.0 % |
| 10 | Mijas | 7.41 | +2.2 % | +11.6 % |
| 11 | Málaga | 6.96 | +2.3 % | +13.1 % |
| 12 | Torrevieja | 6.49 | +2.2 % | +9.0 % |
| 13 | Orihuela | 6.08 | +2.1 % | +7.3 % |
| 14 | Bilbao | 6.00 | +1.1 % | +2.3 % |
| 15 | Cádiz | 5.90 | +0.1 % | +3.3 % |
| 16 | València | 5.48 | +3.3 % | +17.6 % |
| 17 | Barakaldo | 5.31 | +2.9 % | +7.7 % |
| 18 | Hospitalet de Llobregat, L' | 5.25 | +2.5 % | +7.7 % |
| 19 | Chiclana de la Frontera | 5.21 | +2.7 % | +10.4 % |
| 20 | Cornellà de Llobregat | 5.20 | +1.9 % | +4.4 % |
| 21 | Santander | 5.18 | +1.2 % | +10.7 % |
| 22 | Coruña, A | 5.08 | +1.8 % | +9.6 % |
| 23 | Alacant/Alicante | 5.00 | +2.5 % | +11.5 % |
| 24 | Leganés | 4.95 | +4.5 % | +14.1 % |
| 25 | Sevilla | 4.91 | +2.5 % | +8.6 % |
| 26 | San Sebastián de los Reyes | 4.88 | +4.0 % | +14.1 % |
| 27 | Alcorcón | 4.87 | +3.0 % | +10.8 % |
| 28 | Puerto de Santa María, El | 4.80 | +4.0 % | +4.9 % |
| 29 | Pamplona/Iruña | 4.77 | +1.6 % | +4.8 % |
| 30 | Vitoria-Gasteiz | 4.67 | -1.5 % | +2.7 % |
| 31 | Gijón | 4.65 | +5.3 % | +16.8 % |
| 32 | Getafe | 4.64 | +3.5 % | +10.7 % |
| 33 | Granada | 4.63 | +1.4 % | +7.3 % |
| 34 | Móstoles | 4.60 | +6.5 % | +16.6 % |
| 35 | Coslada | 4.59 | +2.9 % | +5.6 % |
| 36 | Fuenlabrada | 4.57 | +8.2 % | +15.9 % |
| 37 | Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las | 4.56 | +0.2 % | +4.3 % |
| 38 | Santa Coloma de Gramenet | 4.51 | +0.4 % | +2.2 % |
| 39 | Salamanca | 4.49 | +3.4 % | +7.5 % |
| 40 | Badalona | 4.41 | +3.7 % | +1.1 % |
| 41 | Vigo | 4.39 | +0.2 % | +4.9 % |
| 42 | Torrejón de Ardoz | 4.32 | +3.8 % | +13.1 % |
| 43 | Sant Boi de Llobregat | 4.31 | +1.4 % | +1.5 % |
| 44 | Sant Cugat del Vallès | 4.30 | +1.4 % | +1.6 % |
| 45 | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | 4.26 | +1.2 % | +10.9 % |
| 46 | Mataró | 4.13 | -1.3 % | +1.1 % |
| 47 | Pontevedra | 4.11 | +2.8 % | +3.2 % |
| 48 | Girona | 4.10 | -2.3 % | +1.6 % |
| 49 | Alcalá de Henares | 4.09 | +3.7 % | +8.3 % |
| 50 | Parla | 4.02 | +4.6 % | +17.5 % |
| 51 | Ceuta | 3.96 | +0.8 % | -0.1 % |
| 52 | Alcobendas | 3.94 | +8.5 % | +16.9 % |
| 53 | Vélez-Málaga | 3.84 | +3.9 % | +8.5 % |
| 54 | Rivas-Vaciamadrid | 3.77 | +4.5 % | +11.4 % |
| 55 | Sabadell | 3.76 | -0.7 % | +0.2 % |
| 56 | San Cristóbal de La Laguna | 3.76 | +3.8 % | +7.2 % |
| 57 | Zaragoza | 3.69 | +1.9 % | +8.0 % |
| 58 | Oviedo | 3.66 | +4.2 % | +10.2 % |
| 59 | San Fernando | 3.65 | +3.0 % | +6.7 % |
| 60 | Elx/Elche | 3.65 | +2.7 % | +11.2 % |
| 61 | Santiago de Compostela | 3.65 | +2.6 % | +1.9 % |
| 62 | Terrassa | 3.60 | +1.4 % | +1.5 % |
| 63 | Burgos | 3.57 | +3.7 % | +6.6 % |
| 64 | Rubí | 3.55 | +1.1 % | +1.0 % |
| 65 | Logroño | 3.55 | +0.9 % | +2.4 % |
| 66 | Valladolid | 3.54 | +3.7 % | +8.0 % |
| 67 | Jerez de la Frontera | 3.53 | +4.7 % | +10.5 % |
| 68 | Santa Lucía de Tirajana | 3.50 | +1.5 % | +7.6 % |
| 69 | Telde | 3.40 | -2.1 % | +2.5 % |
| 70 | Rozas de Madrid, Las | 3.34 | +4.4 % | +5.2 % |
| 71 | Valdemoro | 3.34 | +0.5 % | +10.2 % |
| 72 | Albacete | 3.32 | +1.3 % | +5.8 % |
| 73 | Gandia | 3.31 | +2.3 % | +7.7 % |
| 74 | Córdoba | 3.31 | +1.0 % | +2.7 % |
| 75 | Huelva | 3.26 | +2.4 % | +5.5 % |
| 76 | Guadalajara | 3.26 | +5.0 % | +7.9 % |
| 77 | Pozuelo de Alarcón | 3.21 | +2.0 % | +8.8 % |
| 78 | Almería | 3.19 | +2.5 % | +7.7 % |
| 79 | Ourense | 3.18 | -1.2 % | -3.2 % |
| 80 | Tarragona | 3.18 | +1.1 % | +3.2 % |
| 81 | León | 3.16 | +1.0 % | +6.6 % |
| 82 | Melilla | 3.15 | -2.4 % | -1.4 % |
| 83 | Badajoz | 3.08 | +0.8 % | +0.6 % |
| 84 | Roquetas de Mar | 3.02 | +1.2 % | +2.5 % |
| 85 | Toledo | 2.97 | +2.2 % | +8.6 % |
| 86 | Dos Hermanas | 2.96 | +2.0 % | +7.8 % |
| 87 | Lugo | 2.95 | +4.6 % | +6.1 % |
| 88 | Torrent | 2.92 | +3.1 % | +5.4 % |
| 89 | Cartagena | 2.87 | +0.2 % | +3.6 % |
| 90 | Castelló de la Plana | 2.83 | +1.9 % | +8.4 % |
| 91 | Cáceres | 2.81 | +1.4 % | +4.4 % |
| 92 | Ejido, El | 2.81 | -0.5 % | -0.9 % |
| 93 | Reus | 2.78 | -0.1 % | +4.6 % |
| 94 | Murcia | 2.73 | +0.4 % | +4.2 % |
| 95 | Algeciras | 2.60 | -1.0 % | +4.6 % |
| 96 | Manresa | 2.47 | -6.1 % | +2.3 % |
| 97 | Jaén | 2.41 | -2.2 % | -1.4 % |
| 98 | Lleida | 2.38 | -1.2 % | +6.6 % |
| 99 | Talavera de la Reina | 2.38 | +1.6 % | +7.1 % |
| 100 | Lorca | 2.35 | -0.5 % | -1.4 % |
FOR JOURNALISTS & RESEARCHERS
Cite this analysis
Hipotecalc Analytics. Hipotecalc Home Purchase Effort Index (IHEC), Q1 2025. Edition 2026-09-07-v1. Calculations by Hipotecalc using Idealista asking prices and INE income/household data. Municipal quarterly income is estimated. https://www.hipotecalc.com/en/analytics/house-price-to-income/reports/2025-q1
CSV includes derived index results and attribution, not the complete underlying source database. Municipal pages download the full series; the chart shows the six highest-effort municipalities.